Plain View Doctrine: What Officers Can Seize—and What They Can’t
Overview The plain view doctrine is a judge-made rule that allows officers to seize evidence or contraband they immediately recognize
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Codigo Alpha
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Codigo Alpha
Muito mais que artigos: São verdadeiros e-books jurídicos gratuitos para o mundo. Nossa missão é levar conhecimento global para você entender a lei com clareza. 🇧🇷 PT | 🇺🇸 EN | 🇪🇸 ES | 🇩🇪 DE
Criminal Law & police procedures
Protective Sweeps After Arrest (Buie): Scope, Limits, and How Long They Can Last
Protective sweep under Buie: what it is (and what it isn’t) A protective sweep is a quick, limited search of
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Curtilage vs. Open Fields: Where Home Privacy Starts—and Ends
Context: In U.S. Fourth Amendment law, privacy at a residence turns on the line between curtilage—the area intimately tied to
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Knock-and-Talk at the Door: Consent vs. Coercion Explained
Context: A police “knock and talk” happens when officers go to a home, knock on the front door, and seek
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Racial Profiling in Court: How to Document It and Win Suppression
Context: This guide explains how to document racial profiling during police encounters and how to litigate suppression of evidence that
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Pretextual Stops After Whren: Real Limits, Real Defenses
Context: After Whren v. United States (1996), U.S. police may stop a car for any objective traffic violation, even if
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Consent Searches Explained: How Far Police Can Go and When You Can Say Stop
Context: Police in the U.S. do not always need a warrant to search. One of the most common exceptions is
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Vehicle Stops and Pretext: What Makes a Traffic Stop Legal or Not
Context: This article explains how U.S. police can stop vehicles for traffic infractions and how those stops may sometimes be
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Terry Stops and Pat-Downs Explained: What Police Can and Can’t Do
Context: This guide explains how U.S. police use Terry stops (brief investigative detentions) and pat-downs (stop-and-frisk) under the Fourth Amendment.
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Probable Cause vs. Reasonable Suspicion: The Real Difference Explained
Context: This guide explains the two main Fourth Amendment thresholds U.S. officers use in the field: reasonable suspicion (the low
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